Otec systems the extraction of the potential energy available within the ocean is dependent upon the efficiency of the thermal system employed, including pumps, condensers and heat exchangers aftring and taylor, 1979. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec types renewable. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the temperature difference between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surface seawaters to run a heat engine and produce useful work, usually in the form of electricity. Hydropower energy is commonly assumed to be obtained from some work done by an aquatic source, however it can also be obtained from thermal differences in an aquatic source. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the ocean thermal gradient between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surface seawaters to run a heat engine and produce useful work, usually in the form of electricity. Process and technology status ocean thermal energy conversion. Download the seminar report for ocean thermal energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion makai ocean engineering. For this process to work there must be at least a 20 degree celsius 36 degree fahrenheit difference between surface water and deep seawater. Abstract ocean thermal energy conversion otec is the use of a high surface temperature of the water with the low temperature of the water at a certain depth thus creating a heat engine.
Welcome center for solar and thermal energy conversion. There are three ways the otec method can produce electricity. This is referred to as otec for ocean thermal energy conversion. Otec,ocean thermal energy conversion is an energy otech,ocean thermal energy technology that converts solar that converts conversion is an energy technology radiations to electricalto electric power. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a baseload renewable energy source that uses the temperature difference between the warm surface ocean water and the cold deep ocean water to generate electricity. It relies on the oceans thermal gradient the temperature decline from the sunwarmed waters on the surface to the cold waters found at great depths.
The otec system has three scenarios that can be harnessed in terms of ocean water temperature differentials which are a closedcycle, an opencycle, and a hybridcycle. This is surprising since otec seems to be especially wellsuited for remote. Ocean thermal energy conversion research papers academia. Floating pilot units with capacities of the order of 10 to 40 mw will be in operation by 1985, according to present development plans. Two major ocean thermal technologies are of interest in. An ocean thermal energy conversion power plant built by makai ocean engineering. Otec can be used to generate electricity, desalinate water, support deepwater mariculture, and provide. Ocean thermal energy conversion engineering university of.
The suns heat warms the surface water a lot more than the deep ocean water, which creates the oceans naturally available temperature gradient, or thermal energy. The stored thermal energy in the top meter depth is more than two years of delivered solar energy, at 100 % conversion efficiency, the stored energy is sufficient for 10,000 years of human use. This page contains ocean thermal energy seminar and ppt with pdf report. Ocean thermal energy conversion simple english wikipedia. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec systems use a temperature difference of at least 77 fahrenheit to power a turbine to produce. Applications ocean thermal energy conversion otec systems have many applications or uses. Technical readiness of ocean thermal energy conversion otec. Ocean thermal energy conversion, or otec, uses seawater to turn solar energy into electricity. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the temperature difference between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surface ocean waters to run a heat engine and produce useful work, usually in the form of electricity. Ocean thermal energy conversion is a technology that converts thermal energy into electricity. Pdf ocean energy technology development the challenge of. Although otec relies on an enduring source, it is undoubted there are economic challenges. Otec is applicable to most parts of the worlds deep oceans between 20 o north. The plant failed to achieve net power production because of a poor site selection e.
This means that every day, the oceans on our planet absorb solar energy equivalent to 250 billion barrels of oil, and if we could convert 0. Oceans act as incredibly large solar energy collectors, absorbing about 80% of the suns energy. In fact, there is so much thermal energy absorbed each day by the oceans it would equal the thermal output of 250 billion barrels of crude oil. A process called ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the oceans natural thermal.
They receive thermal energy through heat transfer from surface sea water warmed by the sun, and. Tt documents work done by the seri materials, systems analysis, and solar thermal conversion branches on task 3127. The wind fieldreturns some of the energy to the ocean inthe form of. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a technology for generating. On an average day, 60 million square kilometers 23 million square miles of tropical seas absorb an amount of solar radiation equal in heat content to about 250 billion barrels of oil. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process or technology for producing energy by harnessing the temperature differences thermal gradients between ocean surface waters and deep ocean waters. Concerns with efficiency losses due to biofouling, system power requirements and heat exchanging systems have lead to exploration through case studies and. This heat is trapped in the upper layer of the ocean, above the thermocline, which is the transition layer between. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec and the pacific islands page 5 executive summary the idea of using thermal energy from the ocean is not new. Most technologies to tap this huge resource are still in the developmental stages. Welcome to presentation on seminar topicwelcome to presentation on seminar topic ocean thermal energy conversionocean thermal energy conversion otecotec govt. An ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a system of converting thermal energy in electricity by using the temperature difference between warm water at the surface of the ocean and cold water. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a marine renewable energy.
The warm seawater vaporizes the fluid in the heat exchanger which then turns the turbines of the generator. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec technology uses a turbine generator to create renewable energy from the temperature difference between cold, deep seawater circulating in the ocean and surface seawater warmed by the sun. Closed cycle ocean thermal energy conversion systems use a working fluid with a low boiling point, ammonia for example, and use it to power a turbine to generate electricity. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process that can produce electricity by using the temperature. Study of ocean thermal energy conversion system request pdf. Heat extraction from coldwater sink to condense the working fluid in the condenser. Today, scientists are developing new, costeffective, stateoftheart turbines for opencycle otec systems. Ocean thermal energy heat exchanger energy conversion. Using the thermal difference in an aquatic source is the idea behind ocean thermal energy conversion otec. Numerical study on ocean thermal energy conversion system article pdf available in journal of renewable and sustainable energy 104.
Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a technology that dates back to the. The solar energy that is received by the oceans is mainly absorbed and converted into heat, due to the low reflectivity, or albedo, of the ocean. Revisit ocean thermal energy conversion system springerlink. A new era in the technology of ocean thermal energy conversion otec, which is a system of converting thermal energy in ocean into electricity, has come now. A microgas turbine integrated system is selected as the nonrenewable system while biomass and ocean thermal energy conversion based energy systems are considered as the renewable options.
The low energy conversion efrciency of otec means that more than 90% of the thermal energy extracted from the ocean s surface is wasted and must be rejected to the cold, deep sea water. Paul rappaport for his encouragement during the initial stages of this work. Of all the new ocean energy sources, otec ocean thermal energy conversion seems to offer the best medium term prospects. Warm seawater is taken in from the surface of the oceans and cold water from the deep at 5 o. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec, form of energy conversion that makes use of the temperature differential between the warm surface waters of the oceans, heated by solar radiation, and the deeper cold waters to generate power in a conventional heat engine. Principle and preliminary calculation of ocean thermal. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the ocean thermal gradient between cooler. Darsonval first thought about the idea more than a century ago but it was only in early 1970 when research on this technology started to take shape. If a pipe is put down into the ocean we can bring the cold. Ocean thermal energy conversion the untapped ocean. Some of the energy isreemitted to the atmosphere to drive thehydrologic cycle and wind. The vision of the center for solar and thermal energy conversion cstec is to design and to synthesize new materials for high efficiency photovoltaic pv and thermoelectric te devices, predicated on new fundamental insights into equilibrium and nonequilibrium processes, including quantum phenomena, that occur in materials over various spatial and temporal scales. Ocean thermal energy conversion produces energy from temperature differences in ocean waters. The oceans cover a little more than 70 percent of the earths surface.
Ocean thermal energy conversion renewable energy caribbean. Otec is not like wind power or solar power which are intermittent, because the technology can operate on a 247 basis. Pdf the ocean thermal energy conversion strategies and. Wave energy conversion and ocean thermal energy conversion potential in developing member countries. Otec ocean thermal energy conversion systems use the oceans natural thermal gradient the fact that the oceans layers of water have different temperatures to drive a powerproducing cycle. Ocean thermal energy conversion our oceans cover over 70% of the globes surface. Ocean thermal energy, ask latest information, ocean thermal energy abstract,ocean thermal energy report,ocean thermal energy presentation pdf,doc,ppt,ocean thermal energy technology discussion,ocean thermal energy paper presentation details,ocean thermal energy, ppt, pdf, report, presentation, source code, abstract, seminar, project idea, seminar topics, project, project topics,latest. The ocean is a huge storehouse of energythe sun heats the surface, wind creates waves, and tidal forces exerted by the sun and the moon create tidal fluxes. Renewable, clean and reliable power for energy needs of today and tomorrow. Ocean thermal energy conversion technology britannica. Oscillating water column owc type wave energy converter. During the last few years, however, new options for energy out at sea have been introduced. The working fluid in such a cycle will need to have a low boiling point. What is otec ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a marine renewable energy technology that harnesses the solar energy absorbed by the oceans to generate electric power.
Request pdf study of ocean thermal energy conversion system the earth, covered more than70. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a way of getting useful energy from the worlds oceans. At present, the cost per kwh from otec is more than that of the electricity generated from fossil fuels and decreases with increasing capacity of the power plant. View ocean thermal energy conversion research papers on academia. In order to produce power with the low temperature range, a working fluid with low boiling point is used. Tropical and subtropical regions where the water temperature at the ocean surface is relatively high are best suited for its use. Cost effective otec ocean thermal energy conversion. Otec can operate with a very high capacity factor and so can operate in base load mode the denser cold water masses, formed by ocean surface water interaction with cold atmosphere in. This system relies on lowboiling point fluids such as ammonia. Closed cycle ocean thermal energy conversion otec december 15, 2009 leave a comment go to comments darsonvals original concept used a working fluid with a low boiling point, such as ammonia, which is vaporized using the heat extracted from the warm surface water. However, the temperature differential is small and this impacts the economic feasibility of ocean thermal energy for electricity. Solar energy istransmitted through the atmosphere andefficiently collected and stored in thesurface layer of the ocean, largely in thetropical zone.
A developers roadmap to otec commercialization pdf. A number of island states in the caribbean and pacific have ocean thermal energy conversion otec resources within 10 kilometres of their shores, though projects remain few and far between. Pdf numerical study on ocean thermal energy conversion. Pichtr honolulu, hi abstract the vertical temperature distribution in the open ocean can be simplistically described as consisting of two layers separated by an interface. This makes them the worlds largest solar energy collector and energy storage system. Energy conversion 1st edition by patrick takahashi author, andrew trenka author isbn. The stored thermal energy is completely renewable so that ocean thermal energy use. Since then, although many scientists have made earnest effort to materialization, otec has never. The warm ocean water is used to heat up and boil the ammonia. The concept of otec was first proposed by french physicist in 1881.
144 1014 537 704 1415 209 440 464 1034 366 525 1252 369 1403 329 227 1212 1460 516 823 313 563 1208 1427 653 399 747 1424 1496 1204 728 653 994 225 135 597